● Combines the wear resistance of copper alloys with the high mechanical strength of steel;

● Can be cast with various copper alloy materials tailored to operating conditions, including low-friction lead-copper alloys;

● Prevents bearing runout and outer diameter drift under high-load, low-speed conditions due to differing coefficients of friction between inner and outer layers;

● Can be coated or embedded with solid lubricants on working surfaces for self-lubrication as required;

● Offers greater cost advantages than pure copper bushings, conserving resources;

● Supports secondary processing such as heat treatment of the steel core and machining of the alloy layer;

● Allows for single or multi-layer copper alloy casting on various surfaces or complex geometries as required by design;

● Exhibits similar operational characteristics to traditional copper bushings, suitable for diverse temperature and lubrication conditions;

● Offers superior mechanical load-bearing capacity compared to pure copper bushings, particularly in impact resistance.